the last straw는 아주 자주 쓰는 표현으로,
더는 못 참게 만든 마지막 한 방
인내심이 완전히 끊긴 결정적 계기
근데 the last straw에서의 straw는 “빨대”가 아니라:
짚 한 가닥
을 의미해.
이 표현은 원래 속담인:
the straw that broke the camel’s back
에서 왔어.
직역하면:
낙타의 등을 부러뜨린 마지막 짚 한 가닥
이라는 뜻인데,
핵심은:
- 이미 엄청 많은 짐을 참고 있었는데
- 아주 작은 짚 하나가 마지막으로 올라가면서
- 결국 한계가 터진 상황
을 비유하는 거야.
cranky
He's gone about three days without eating any chocolate, and he's been super cranky.
cranky
- Definition: Easily annoyed, irritated, or in a bad mood.
- Meaning in natural English: Someone who gets grumpy very easily, often because they’re tired, stressed, hungry, sick, etc.
Common Synonyms (원어민이 많이 쓰는 표현)
- grumpy → 가장 흔하고 자연스러움
- irritable → 쉽게 짜증내는
- moody → 기분 변화가 심한
- grouchy → 툴툴대는 느낌
- bad-tempered → 성격적으로 성질이 안 좋은
- snappy → 말투가 날카로운
Antonyms
- cheerful
- pleasant
- easygoing
- good-natured
- friendly
- calm
Natural Examples
- “Sorry, I’m a little cranky today. I didn’t sleep well.”
- “He gets cranky when he’s hungry.”
- “The baby became cranky after the long flight.”
- “Don’t mind her. She’s just cranky this morning.”
grumpy
- Definition: Bad-tempered, easily annoyed, and often complaining.
- Meaning in natural English: In a grouchy or irritated mood.
Common Synonyms (원어민이 많이 쓰는 표현)
- cranky → 피곤/배고픔 때문에 예민한 느낌
- grouchy → 툴툴대는
- irritable → 쉽게 짜증내는
- moody → 기분 변화가 심한
- bad-tempered
- snappy → 날카롭게 받아치는
Antonyms
- cheerful
- pleasant
- friendly
- easygoing
- good-humored
- happy
miss out on ~
= ~를 놓치다
= 경험하지 못하다
= 누리지 못하다
ex) Now I'm wondering what else I'm missing out on.
“이 좋은 걸 이제야 알았는데, 내가 또 뭘 모르고 있었을까?”
같은 느낌의 말이야.
- I don’t want to miss out on this opportunity.
→ 이 기회를 놓치고 싶지 않아. - You’re missing out on good food.
→ 너 맛있는 음식 못 먹고 있는 거야.
- mail something off to ~
→ ~에 보내다 - this thing
→ 이 물건 / 이 원고 / 이 작품
(가볍게 말하는 느낌) - money starts rolling in
→ 돈이 계속 들어오기 시작하다
→ 돈이 물밀듯 들어오다
All I can say is when I was a kid there wasn't any of this "getting out of bed" stuff. I did it once or twice, but dad put a stop to it real quick.
put a stop to
- Definition: To make something end; to prevent something from continuing.
- Meaning in natural English: To stop something completely.
Common Synonyms (원어민이 많이 쓰는 표현)
- stop
- end
- shut down
- put an end to
- prevent
- halt → 약간 더 formal
- crack down on → 강하게 단속하다
drown - drowned- drowned
Mr. Shropsharp you would have drowned, but luckily this polar bear Tobuk here was sitting on the an iceberg, and he saved your life.
at the rate ~ are going
→ 지금 같은 속도로 가다간
I realized that at the rate me and Rowley are going, we're gonna be in college before this hole would be ten feet deep.
Crack 시도
I guess we'll have to take another crack at this thing tomorrow.
The ground was pretty much frozen solid, and we could hardly even make a dent.
get cold feet
- Definition: To suddenly become nervous or afraid about doing something you had planned to do.
- Natural meaning: To lose courage at the last minute.
I asked Rowley to donate some items to put in the time capsule, and that's when he got cold feet.
lame 한심한, 시시한, 재미없는, 변변찮은
Natural meaning: “별로다”, “한심하다”, “재미없다”, “구리다”
So I had to explain to him that the peole in the future would think we were really lame if they opend the box and it was filled with clothes and books.
Most Common Modern Usage
lame = 재미없고 별로인
원어민들이 엄청 자주 씀.
Examples
- “That joke was lame.”
- “This party is kinda lame.”
- “He gave me a lame excuse.”
- “That’s so lame.”
- “Why are you being lame?”
fork over
That seemed to be enough to convince him to fork over one of his new video games and a couple of other things.
fork over
- Definition: To give someone money or something valuable, usually unwillingly.
- Natural meaning: To cough up money; to hand something over reluctantly.
get off to a ~ start는 아주 자주 쓰는 표현으로: ~하게 시작되다.
My week got off to a rough start.
이번 주 시작이 좀 안 좋았어.
이번 주가 힘들게 시작됐어.
approve가 타동사로 쓰이지만 ~이 괜찮다고 생각하다 라는 의미일때는 아래와 같이 approve of를 사용한다
I don't think dad really approved of my idea.
fall apart = 망가지다, 해체되다, 너덜너덜해지다
pieces of yarn = 실 조각들
raisins and boogers = 건포도와 콧물/코딱지
It started falling apart, and by the time Manny was two his blanket was basically a couple of pieces of yarn held together by raisins and boogers.
그 담요는 점점 너덜너덜해졌고, Manny가 두 살쯤 됐을 때는 거의 건포도랑 콧물로 겨우 붙어 있는 실조각 몇 개 수준이었어.
I've tried scraping the bumper stickers off, but whatever kind of glue they put on those things is meant to last until the end of time.
- scrape off = 긁어서 떼어내다
- bumper stickers = 자동차 범퍼 스티커
- whatever kind of glue = 도대체 무슨 접착제를 쓴 건지
- meant to last until the end of time = 영원히 가도록 만들어진 것 같다
범퍼 스티커를 긁어 떼어내려고 해봤는데, 거기에 쓰인 접착제는 거의 영원히 안 떨어지게 만든 수준이야.
좀 더 자연스럽고 구어체 느낌으로 하면:
범퍼 스티커 떼어보려고 긁어봤는데, 거기 붙인 접착제는 세상 끝날 때까지 안 떨어질 것 같아.
goober:
- Definition: A silly, goofy, awkward, or lovable person.
- Natural meaning: A dorky idiot — but usually in a cute/funny way, not a truly insulting way.
I've been trying to come up with an angle to seperate myself from the rest of the goobers who like Holly.
I've been trying to come up with an angle to seperate myself from the rest of the goobers who like Holly.
- “You’re such a goober.”
- “He acts like a total goober around her.”
- “That goofy little goober forgot his keys again.”
- “My dog is such a goober.”
- “You’re a dork.”
- “He’s such a goofball.”
- “Stop being a weirdo.”
- “That guy’s a lovable idiot.”
passes for comedy passes for comedy 개그로 먹히다
To give you an idea of what I'm talking about, here's the kind of thing that passes for comedy at my school.
pass for + noun
즉,
“~로 여겨지다 / ~로 통하다 / ~처럼 보이다”
라는 뜻이야.
그래서:
pass for comedy
는 문맥에 따라:
“코미디라고 여겨지다”
“코미디 수준으로 취급되다”
Core Expression: pass for
Definition
To be accepted as something, even if it’s not truly that thing.
Common Synonyms
- be considered
- be accepted as
- qualify as
- count as
- come across as
To give you an idea of what I'm talking about, here's the kind of thing that passes for comedy at my school.cave 또는 cave in
버티다가 결국 굽히다
마지못해 받아들이다
He finally caved when I offered to carry his backpack for him.
내가 대신 배낭 들어주겠다고 하자 걔가 결국 굴복했어.
- My parents finally caved and bought me a phone.
→ 부모님이 결국 못 이기고 폰 사주셨어.- I didn’t want dessert, but I caved.
→ 디저트 안 먹으려 했는데 결국 먹었어.
The President is unlikely to cave in to demands for a public inquiry.
대통령이 공개 조사 요구에 응할 것 같지 않다.
Definition: To finally give in, surrender, or collapse under pressure. Natural meaning: To give up resisting; to give someone what they want after pressure.
Main Meanings
1. Give in under pressure (MOST common)
Synonyms
give in, give up, back down, surrender, yield
“I finally caved in and bought the new phone.”
“Don’t cave in to peer pressure.”
“Her parents eventually caved in.”
“He kept begging until I caved in.”
You know, if the school is going to take away our bus ride home, the least they could do is install a ski lift on our hill.
있잖아, 학교가 우리 집 가는 버스까지 없앨 거면 최소한 언덕에 스키 리프트라도 설치해줘야 하는 거 아니야?
- the least they could do is ~
→ 최소한 ~ 정도는 해야지
라는 아주 흔한 불평 표현이야.
예문:
- The least you could do is say thank you.
→ 최소한 고맙다는 말 정도는 해야지.
The furniture guys came to take his old mattress and box spring away.
wiped out = 엄청 피곤한
원어민이 일상에서 제일 많이 쓰는 뜻
.
Common Synonyms (very native)
- exhausted
- dead tired
- drained
- burned out
- beat (slang)
- spent
- fatigued (more formal)
- “I’m completely wiped out.”
- “After work, I was wiped out.”
- “That workout totally wiped me out.”
- “She looked absolutely wiped out.”
- “Traveling all day wiped me out.”
- “I’m dead tired.”
- “I’m so drained.”
- “That exhausted me.”
- “I’m beat.”
- “I have zero energy left.”
take away
- Definition: To remove something, subtract something, or cause someone to learn/feel something from an experience.
- Natural meaning: Remove, carry out, or the main lesson/point you got from something.
VERY Important:
“take away” has several super common meanings in English.
1. Remove something (MOST common)
Meaning
치우다 / 가져가다 / 없애다
Synonyms
- remove
- carry off
- take out
- eliminate
- strip away
Examples
- “Please take away the trash.”
- “The waiter took away our plates.”
- “Don’t take my phone away.”
- “The storm took away everything they owned.”
the second I get home = 집에 오자마자
live for ~ = ~를 엄청 좋아하다 / ~ 때문에 살다시피 하다
In fact, I live for my naps. Sleeping after school is the only way I can really recharge my batteries, and on most days the second I get home, I'm in bed.
사실 나는 낮잠 없이는 못 살아. 방과 후에 자는 게 내가 제대로 에너지를 충전할 수 있는 유일한 방법이고, 대부분의 날은 집에 오자마자 바로 침대에 누워.
live for
- Definition: To consider something the most important, exciting, or meaningful part of your life.
- Natural meaning: To be obsessed with, passionate about, or emotionally driven by something.
Common Synonyms (very native)
- be passionate about
- be obsessed with
- love
- be crazy about
- thrive on
- adore
- be really into
- “I live for weekend mornings.”
- “She lives for attention.”
- “He lives for basketball.”
- “I live for moments like this.”
- “My dog lives for treats.”
- “I’m obsessed with it.”
- “That’s my whole life.”
- “She thrives on drama.”
- “He’s really into fitness.”
- “I literally live for coffee.”
- “She lives for compliments.”
- “I live for sushi.”
I'm actually kind of becoming an expert at sleeping. once I'm out, I can sleep through just about anything.
once I’m out
→ 한번 잠들면
(“out” = asleep 의미)
sleep through ~
→ ~가 있어도 안 깨고 자다
just about anything
→ 거의 뭐든지 / 웬만한 건 다
A couple of weeks ago, mom had to order Rodrick a new bed because he'd worn his out.
wear something out = 오래 써서 닳게 하다 / 망가뜨리다
- I wore my shoes out.
→ 신발을 너무 신어서 다 닳았어. - This couch is worn out.
→ 이 소파 완전 낡았어.
I had this four-page Biology paper due today, but last night I kind of got caught up in this show I was watching.
오늘 제출해야 하는 4페이지짜리 생물 리포트가 있었는데, 어젯밤에 보던 프로그램에 너무 빠져버렸어.
- due today = 오늘 제출 마감인
- get caught up in ~ = ~에 푹 빠지다 / 정신 팔리다
여기서 due는 전치사가 아니라 형용사(adjective) 야.
문장을 보면:
I had this four-page Biology paper due today
구조는 사실:
I had this Biology paper that was due today
가 줄어든 형태라고 보면 돼.
즉 due는:
“마감인”
“제출 기한인”
이라는 형용사 역할을 하는 거야.
비슷한 예문:
- The rent is due tomorrow.
→ 월세는 내일까지야. - My assignment is due Monday.
→ 과제 마감이 월요일이야. - Payment due upon receipt.
→ 수령 즉시 결제해야 함.
반면에 전치사 due to는 완전히 다른 표현이야:
due to = ~ 때문에
예문:
- The game was canceled due to rain.
→ 비 때문에 경기가 취소됐어.
즉:
- due today → 형용사
- due to ~ → 전치사구처럼 쓰이는 표현
get caught up
- Definition: To become deeply involved in, distracted by, or emotionally affected by something.
- Natural meaning: To get pulled into something without fully meaning to.
Common Synonyms (very native)
Depending on context:
- get involved in
- be absorbed in
- get distracted by
- be swept up in
- be wrapped up in
- lose track because of
- be consumed by
- “I got caught up in work.”
- “She got caught up in the drama.”
- “I got caught up watching YouTube videos.”
- “He got caught up in the excitement.”
I had to try to write the whole tning in the computer lab during recess today.
오늘 쉬는 시간에 컴퓨터실에서 그걸 전부 쓰려고 했었어.
recess
- Definition: A short break or pause, especially in school, court, or official activities.
- Natural meaning: Break time.
Most Common Meaning (Daily Life)
recess = 학교 쉬는 시간
Especially in American English.
Common Synonyms
School context
- break
- break time
- playtime
- free period (different nuance)
- lunchtime (specific)
sit 이 앉다 라는 표현외에도 아래와 같이 '놓여있다' 라는 의미로도 사용된다
Speaking of teachers, today Mrs Craig was in a really bad mood. That's because the big dictionary that usually sits on her desk was missing.
선생님 얘기 나온 김에 말인데, 오늘 Craig 선생님은 기분이 엄청 안 좋았어. 평소 책상 위에 놓여 있던 큰 사전이 없어졌거든.
recess = 쉬는시간
Mrs Craig said that if the dictionary wasn't returned to her desk before the end of the period she was keeping everyone inside for recess.
consequence는 결과 라는 중립적인 의미로 쓰이지 않고 부정적 결과, 불이익, 처벌을 의미한다.
culprit (내가 찾고 찾던 그 단어!!!) 범인!
Who is the culprit?!?!?
You are the culprit!! (너가 범인이지!!)
culprit
- Definition: The person or thing responsible for a crime, problem, or bad situation.
- Natural meaning: The one who did it; the cause of the problem.
Common Synonyms (very native)
Person meaning
- offender
- criminal
- wrongdoer
- guilty party
- suspect (Usual suspect)
Examples
- “The police caught the culprit.”
- “Who’s the culprit?”
- “The culprit stole my lunch.”
- “Teachers were trying to find the culprit.”
lavatory(laboratory 주의)
lavatory
- Definition: A toilet or restroom, especially on an airplane or in formal/public settings.
- Natural meaning: Bathroom / toilet.
Common Synonyms (very native)
Everyday casual words
- bathroom 🇺🇸
- restroom 🇺🇸
- toilet 🇬🇧
- washroom 🇨🇦
- loo 🇬🇧 slang
- john 🇺🇸 slang
carton
I had two cartons of chocolate milk for lunch
carton
- Definition: A box or container made of cardboard or paper, often used for packaging food or drinks.
- Natural meaning: A paper/cardboard container or package.
Common Synonyms (very native)
Depending on context:
- box
- container
- package
- pack
- case
- crate (bigger/heavier)
carton of milk
SUPER common.
Examples
- “Can you buy a carton of milk?”
- “There’s a carton of orange juice in the fridge.”
- “He drank the whole carton.”
carton of cigarettes
Meaning:
담배 여러 갑이 들어있는 박스
Examples
- “He bought a carton of cigarettes.”
- “Grab a carton of eggs.”
- “The milk carton is empty.”
- “It came in a cardboard carton.”
- “I found it in a shipping carton.”
carton
usually refers to:
- paper/cardboard packaging
- food/drink containers
- shipping boxes
It sounds more specific than:
- box
Common Collocations
carton of milk
egg carton
juice carton
milk carton
shipping carton
pandemonium
As soon as Mrs Craig left the room, it was complete pandemonium.
Pandemonium broke out when the news was announced.
interrogate 심문[추궁]하다
The first kid they interrogated was this kid named Corey.
He was interrogated by the police for over 12 hours.
interrogate
- Definition: To question someone aggressively or formally in order to get information.
- Natural meaning: To intensely question someone.
Common Synonyms (very native)
- question
- grill → 엄청 캐묻다 (very common slang)
- cross-examine
- interview
- probe
- press for answers
- The police interrogated the suspect for hours.”
- “He was interrogated by detectives.”
- “They started interrogating me about where I’d been.”
- “Why are you interrogating me?”
- “She grilled me about my date.”
- “They kept bombarding me with questions.”
- “He wouldn’t stop asking questions.”
Corey fessed up to the crime in no time flat. But it turns out he only said he did it because the pressure made him crack.
fess up to ~ = ~를 자백하다
- “He finally fessed up to breaking the window.”
- “You need to fess up to your mistake.”
- “She fessed up after being questioned.”
fess up to
- Definition: To admit or confess something, especially something wrong or embarrassing.
- Natural meaning: To come clean; to finally tell the truth.
in no time flat = 순식간에 / 엄청 빨리
n no time flat
- Definition: Very quickly; almost immediately.
- Natural meaning: Super fast / before you know it.
Common Synonyms (very native)
- very quickly
- in no time
- before you know it
- right away
- instantly
- in a flash
- super fast
- quick as hell (slang)
pressure made him crack = 압박감 때문에 무너지다 / 버티지 못하다
그리고 동사 crack은 원래:
금 가다
깨지다
라는 뜻인데,
사람에게 쓰이면 비유적으로:
정신적으로 무너지다
압박을 못 견디다
라는 의미가 돼.
예문:
- He finally cracked under pressure.
→ 그는 결국 압박을 못 버텼어. - The interrogation made her crack.
→ 심문 때문에 그녀가 결국 무너졌어.
3. To solve something difficult
SUPER common.
And I figured if anyone could crack this case it was Alex
Examples
- “They finally cracked the code.”
- “Detectives cracked the case.”
- “I can’t crack this password.”
I've read enough Sherlock Sammy books to know that sometimes it takes a nerd to get you out of a pinch.
나는 Sherlock Sammy 책을 충분히 많이 읽어서, 가끔은 궁지에서 벗어나려면 너드 한 명이 필요하다는 걸 알고 있어.
get someone out of a pinch
→ 곤란한 상황에서 구해주다
→ 위기에서 벗어나게 하다
hassle
Me and a couple of other gus who were worried about getting hassled went over to Alex to see if he could help us out.
hassle 재촉하다, 들볶다
- Definition: A situation that causes inconvenience, trouble, annoyance, or extra effort.
- Natural meaning: A pain, a bother, something annoying to deal with.
Don’t keep hassling me! I’ll do it later.
Common Synonyms (very native)
- trouble
- bother
- pain ("It's a pain.")
- headache (figurative)
- annoyance
- inconvenience
- nuisance
- “It's too much hassle.”
- “Moving is such a hassle.”
- “I don't want the hassle of dealing with that.”
- “Getting a visa can be a hassle.”
- “The reporters hassled him for answers.”
- “Stop hassling me!”
- “My friends keep hassling me about getting married.”
be wrapped up: ~에 푹 빠져 있다 / 몰두하다 (랩에 씌어져 있다=몰두하다)
- Definition: To be completely involved in, absorbed by, or focused on something.
- Natural meaning: To be caught up in something; to be deeply occupied with it.
- be caught up in
- be absorbed in
- be immersed in
- be engrossed in
- be consumed by
- be preoccupied with
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